COIMBATORE: Geologists in Tamil Nadu have stumbled upon a Jurassic treasure trove buried in the sands of a river bed. Sheer luck led them to
Geologists exhibit the dinosaur eggs on Wednesday. (TOI Photo) hundreds of fossilized dinosaur eggs, perhaps 65 million years old, underneath a stream in a tiny village in Ariyalur district.
Researchers from the Salem-based Periyar University found clusters of eggs of what they believe to be the most aggressive Carnosaur and the docile, leaf-eating Sauropod at Sendurai village.
While Carnosaurs were large predatory dinasaurs, Sauropods were long-necked, herbivores which grew to enormous heights and sizes.
That dinosaurs once roamed the area was known from the fossils found there on earlier expeditions. But this is the first time that hundreds of nests embedded with hundreds of clusters of dinosaur eggs have been unearthed in the district.
Located on the highway between Chennai and Tiruchi, the Ariyalur and the neighbouring Perambalur geological sites nestle in the northern plains of the Cauvery river. The place is a veritable museum of ancient organisms, dating back to 140 million years. Ever since a British couple -- the Wines -- collected 32 boxes of "strange stone objects" in 1843, the Ariyalur region has drawn geologists from across the world for its rich fossil presence and diversity.
Scientists have found the tiniest marine algae or the nano fossils besides the rare shell-like bivalve, gastropoda, telecypoda and brachiopoda in the geological sites spread across 950sqkm in Ariyalur and Perambalur districts.
"We found clusters and clusters of spherical eggs of dinosaurs. And each cluster contained eight eggs," says Dr M U Ramkumar, geology lecturer of the Periyar University. Each egg was about 13 to 20 cm in diameter and they were lying in sandy nests which were of the size of 1.25 metres.
In the 1860s, a British geologist first recorded the presence of bone remains of dinosaurs in Ariyalur. Over a century and a half later, the egg of a dinosaur was found in a cement factory of the state-owned Tamil Nadu Cements Ltd in 1990s. But officials realized that it was a dinosaur egg only 10 years later.
On a sultry afternoon on September 12 this year, Ramkumar and his research students went to Ariyalur to scour the rocks and sediments as part of a study funded by Indian and German scientific institutions. As they paused by a stream on a grazing land at Sendurai, they found spherical-shaped fossils peeping out of the sand beds. "We got really excited. As I have seen a dinosaur egg, I was sure these were dinosaur eggs," said Ramkumar.
A quick digging revealed clusters of eggs beneath seven layers of sand spread over two sqkm. The eggs may not have hatched due to the Deccan volcanic eruptions or seasonal flooding, surmise the team. "We suspect the extinction of dinosaurs was triggered by the Deccan volcano. Volcanic ashes cap the eggs," said one researcher.
"This is a very significant finding as never before have we found so many dinosaur eggs in the country. Besides the spherical size of the eggs covered with sand and volcanic ash provide significant insight into the possible reasons for extinction of the species," says Dr Jyotsana Rai, senior scientist, Birbal Sahni Institute of Paleobotany in Lucknow. Her team will collect samples of these eggs to determine its exact age.
Because a similar discovery in Jabalpur led to a plunder of the fossilized treasure, the researchers have requested the Ariyalur district administration to cordon off the site. Samples of the eggs will travel to Germany for further research. The vicinity of Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh is considered the richest dinosaur field in the country
SALEM: A research team from the Department of Geology of Periyar University has discovered a dinosaur nesting site in Ariyalur district.
The nesting site, which is located at northeast of Ariyalur and extends for about 2 sq km area, contained layer-upon-layer of eggs and body parts of dinosaurs.
Project It was found during the field survey carried out as a part of the University Grants Commission (UGC) sponsored research project `Encondia'. The project was sanctioned to Mu. Ramkumar and K. Anbarasu of the Department. The team also includes T. Sugantha, G. Sathish and R. Suresh.
The site, found along the banks and channel bottom of streams located at northeast of Ariyalur, presented interesting geological evidences.
The stream section was found having clusters of fossilised eggs, casts of eggs, dung and bone remains of dinosaurs. "Hundreds of eggs are recognisable, segregated as clusters of seven to eight eggs in a shallow nesting pit that in turn are spread all over the exposure at five to seven stratigraphic levels," Mr. Ramkumar said.
"Occurrences of unhatched eggs in large numbers at different stratigraphic levels indicate that the dinosaurs kept returning to the same site for nesting," Mr. Anbarasu pointed out. The researchers had also found that the beds containing the nests are overlain by a red coloured thin bed of silty shale or weathered volcanic ash.
"This finding is very interesting as it will provide us a lot of information on the extinction of dinosaurs due to volcanic eruption," researchers said.
Paper "Since we lack facilities for further study, we are collaborating with the scientists in the U.S., Germany and Switzerland to study the fossils in the site. We will also be submitting a paper based on our research to the international journals such as Nature," Mr. Ram Kumar added.
Appeal The team members appealed to the Government to initiate steps to preserve the site. University Vice-Chancellor M. Thangaraju appreciated the efforts made by the team members and assured to provide necessary support for their research.