A brief study on the Tamil ‘Meiyarivumudivu’ Noolkal of Tamil Saiva Philosophers
  • Author: Virarajendra

    A brief study on the Tamil `Meiyarivumudivu' Noolkal
    (`Siththaantha' Noolkal) of the Tamil Saiva philosopher Saints
    (Meiyadiyaar)

    The Tamil Saiva Meiyarivumudivu (Siththaantham = Siththu[Meiyarivu] +
    Antham[mudivu]) Noolkal are essentially the `Saiva Philosophic
    Compositions of Tamil Nadu in poetic Tamil, on the Pathi (God), Pasu
    (Soul), Paasam (worldly desires) relationships - in this material world,
    and on the liberation of the Soul (Pasu) from Paasam (worldly desires),
    and on it's attainment of glory of being with the Pathi (God) - in
    eternal bliss, free from anymore births in this material world.

    The Meiyarivumudivu Noolkal are the essence of the spiritual knowledge
    revealed to the "visualising senses" of four Munivars - on their
    intense worship of God Siva" under the shade of the Aalamaram" (Aal
    nilal keel) on the Mahendra mountain in South Tamil Nadu, which were
    composed into four premier Tamil Agamangal (Thanthira - Naan Marai) by
    these Munivars.

    The "Kooththanool" (in Tamil) a third Sangam period (Second century
    A.D) - Tamil dance treatise confirms that the original "Thanthira
    Nan Marais" - that is the four Thanthira (Agamic) Doctrines were
    revealed by God Siva to the four Munivars on the Mahendra Mountain
    (Manthira Maamalai) as follows:

    "Manthira maamalai Yanthira thavacil vadakku parithi kidakkap poam
    vali, naalvarkku Thanthira Naan Marai koorum Kooththanum Kooththiyum
    iyatriya kooththai kandaan Agaththiyan"

    Kooththa Nool - by Saaththanaar, Line 8

    The Saiva Agamangal (Agamas) had been the principal Doctrines (Marais)
    of the Tamil Saivaism from ancient times. This Agamic tradition
    continued for many years - even after Vedism was introduced into Tamil
    Nadu and practised side by side - with the Agamic 'Poosaikal', other
    'Valipaadu Muraikal' and the 'Temple Rituals', nurtured by the rich
    cultural and fine-arts traditions of Tamil Nadu.

    The subject matter of the Saiva Agamangal are divided essentially in to
    four groups as Sariyai, Kiriyai, Yokam and Gnanam. The re-awakening of
    the "Saiva Philosophic Compositions" in Tamil - essentially the
    'Gnanam' section of the Agamangal, speaking on the Pathi, Pasu, Paasam
    relations could be seen beginning with the Meiyadiyaar Vaakeesa
    Munivar's work titled as "Gnanaamirtham" of the third century A.D,
    written in a language closely akin to the Sangam Tamil (not Sangam
    period Tamil).

    Thereafter only in the eleventh century A.D. we see a three generation
    Guru/Seedar tradition of Meiyadiyaars coming up with their Tamil Saiva
    philosophic compositions on the Pathi, Pasu, Pasam - relations, namely
    as Thiruvunthiyaar, and Thirukkalirtrupadiyaar.

    Subsequently in the thirteenth century A.D, we see another four
    generation Guru/Seedar tradition of Meiyadiyaars coming forth with
    twelve other Tamil Saiva philosophic compositions on these relations,
    and this generation of Saints are also refered to as "Santhaana
    Kuravar" and their compositions as "Meikanda Noolkal" (or
    Meikanda Saaththirangal).

    All these Tamil "Saiva Meiyarivumudivu Noolkal" are basically
    the developments from the "Gnanam section" of the original
    Tamil Siva Agamangal and subsequent Sanskrit Siva Agamangal.

    The following are the Tamil "Saiva Meiyarivumudivu Noolkal"
    (Saiva Siththaantha Noolkal) which have been composed by the Tamil
    Saiva Meiyadiyaar:

    (1) Vaakeesa Munivar - (third century A.D) Gnanaamirtham

    (2) Thiruviyalur Uiyyavantha Thevar- (eleventh century A.D)
    Thiruvunthiyaar

    (3) Aaludai Theva Naayanaar (eleventh century A.D) - Seedar of (2)
    Not known of his works

    (4) Thirukkadavur Uiyyavantha Thevar - (eleventh century A.D)- Seedar
    of (3)
    Thirukkalittrupadiyaar

    (5) Meikandaar - (thirteenth century A.D)
    Sivagnanapotham

    (6) Arunanthi Sivaasaariyaar - - (thirteenth century A.D) - Seedar of
    (5)
    Sivagnanasiththiyaar
    Irupaa Irupahthu

    (7) Manavaasakam Kadanthaar - (thirteenth century A.D) - Seedar of (5)
    Unmai Vilakkam

    (8) Maraignana Sampanthar - (thirteenth century A.D) - Seedar of (6)
    His works not known

    (9) Umaapathi Sivaasaariyaar - (thirteenth century A.D) - Seedar of
    (8)
    Sivappirakaasam
    Thiruvarutpayan
    Vinaa Venbaa
    Poatri Pahtrodai
    Kodikkavi
    Nenjuvidu Thoothu
    Unmai Neri Vilakkam
    Sangatpa Niraakaranam

    (10) Arul Namasivaaya Moorththykal - (thirteenth century A.D) - Seedar
    of (9)
    His works not known
    Note: He instituted the Thiruvaavaduthurai Aatheenam.

    (11) Gurugnanasampanthar - (sixteenth century) 9th generation Seedar
    of (8)
    His works not known
    Note: He instituted the Tharumapura Aatheenam.

    The Saiva Aatheenams of Tamil Nadu are the Institutions which are
    preserving the living traditions of the "Tamil Saivaism", the
    Tamil Thirumuraikal and the Tamil "Saiva Meiyarivu-mudivu Noolkal"
    (Tamil Saiva Siththaantha Noolkal), and promoting their essence to the
    Tamil Saivite population - in Tamil Nadu and elsewhere in the world.

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