Ponniyin Selvan Varalaatru Peravai

Date:6-9-2010

Anbumikka Thiru Sakthi Sree,

I am 'very pleased' that you too are doing active research in identifying some places mentioned in the Rajendra Chola - 1 Meikeeththi, which were not properly identified by the earlier Historians.

In connection with Athi Nagar, I am posting an extract from my Research Article of many years back, to be posted in the PSVP Website soon 'with modifications' in the light of my new findings - just for your information and assistance. The title of my Article was "INDENTIFICATION OF PURVADESAM CONQUERED BY EMPEROR RAJENDRA CHOLA - 1 OF SOUTH INDIA.

Extract:

Al-Beruni makes references to the capital of Kashmir of his period as Adhishthana (Athisthana in Tamil) - having the same meaning as Athi Nagar of Rajendra Chola's Meikeerthi, which are follows:

"....the people of Kashmir celebrate a festival on the 26th and 27th of this month on account of certain pieces of wood called "Gana" which the water of the river Vitasta carries in those two days through the capital Adhishthana...." Al-Beruni's India - Vol 2, Page 181

"....thence leaving the ravine you enter the plain and reach in two more days Addishtan (i.e.Adhishthana as seen from the above reference of Al-Beruni himself) the capital of Kashmir, passing on the road the village Ushkara...." Al-Beruni's India Vol - 1, Page 207

In the light of the above it is clear that Athisthana was the capital of Kashmir in the medieval period (around A.D.1030) while Sri Nagar was the capital of Kashmir at subsequent periods.

This is further confirmed by the fact the river "Vitasta" (the present Jelum River) which flowed through the Adhishthana during the time of Al-Beruni is today flowing through Sri Nager in Kashmir.

Hence we could surmise that Athi Nagar was the Tamil equivalent of the Adhishthana (Athi-isthanam)of Alberuni which was in then Kashmir, which over a period of time changed into Sri Nagar.

This Athi-isthanam was possibly the Athi Nager of Rajendra Chola's longer Meikeerthi, and the Purvadesam of the smaller Meikeerthi, as Purvadesam in Sanskrit means same as Athi Nagar in Tamil.

This has a parallel, where the Tamil portion of Rajaraja Chola - 1 in Thiruvaalangadu Copper Plates refers to a village as Palaiyanur, while the Sanskrit portion of same Plates but of Rajendra Chola - 1 refers to this identical village as Puranagrama having the same meaning.

Trust the above will be of interest to you.

Did you go through my Map showing the regions captured by Rajendra Chola - 1 in his North Indian expedition uploaded to PSVP File section.

Mikka Anbudan

Virarajendra

Date: 7-9-2010

Anbudaiya Thiru Sakthi Sri,

I appreciate your great enthusiasem in trying to discover the actual locations of some the regions mentioned in Rajendra Chola - 1's Meikeerththi.

With respect to "Purvadesam" we are making a big mistake in following what the earlier Historians had in view - that is it means the "Eastern Country". Purvadesam correctly means "ancient country" or in other word "Athi Nagar" or "Athi-sthanam" (Athi = ancient). This has prevented the early Historians from correctly identifying these regions.

Even 'Edward Satchu' who translated Al-beruni's India has referred to Purvadesam as Eastern Country 'which is not acceptable to me'. "Puruva" as per Miron Winslow's Tamil-English dictionary means more as "Ancient" than as "East". Now if we accept this fact, then identifying the other regions too go into new dimensions.

This argument of mine is further confirmed beyond doubt, by the reference in the Tamil Epic Manimekalai in which it is stated as "Kaanthaara Naattu Purvadesam". Here "Kaanthaara Nadu" is the Gandhara country. Gandhara country was in Jammu-Kashmir. Hence we are now sure of the actual locations of Purvadesam or Athi Nagar.

Further as per Al-Beruni's India one language that was spoken in Purvadesam was "Gauri" and not Gaudi. The other language was "Bhaik-shuki". Collin Davies in his Historical Atlas has noted the people of Hunza and Nagar in the presnt Jammu-Kasmir region speak a language called "Buru-Shashki". This "Buru-Shashki" closely resembles "Bhaik-shuki" of Al-Beruni. Hence this too gives a further hint where Purvadesam or Athi Nagar could have been, which we find was the former "Athisthana" and present "Sri Nagar" of Kashmir region.

I still could not very positively locate the region "Naamanaikkonam" but tentatively located same in Haryana state. So I will be much pleased if you could come forth with your findings on this region and its actual location.

Mikka Anbudan

Virarajendra

VERY HEALTHY DISCUSSION.

FULL OF RESEARCH MATERIALS...

THANKS AND REGARDS / SPS

Hi all,

Please visit the link

http://selviyinselvan.blog.co.in/பண்சவன்மாதேவீஸ்வரம்/

Thanks Prem

dear all,

after verifying with " THE CHOLAS " by KAN and south indian inscriptions, I change the line as,

வெஞ்சிலை வீரர் பஞ்சப்பள்ளியும் (panjappalli which hadtough and boldwarriorpeople )
 
  I feel that the word " வெஞ்சிலை" must be an interpretation of the word " வெஞ்சீலை"by the poet,who composed the meikeerthi. this word can beseparated as " வெண் + சீலை" which exactly shows the people's dress code of the ARABS , that who were ruling this area around thattimefrom 8th century. This MULTAN province in PAKISTAN,wascalled as " MULASTHANAPURA ".

This confluence of thefive rivers, nowcalled as PANJNAD river, this flows about 45 milesand join with theGANGES ( INDUS ) near bythe city " MITHUNKOT".

Why I mention GANGES instead of INDUS, the reason as follows,

A Quote from Al-beruni's INDIA,


The Matsya-Purana says:

After the GANGES had
settled on earth, it divided itself into seven arms, the Matya or middle of which is the main stream, known as the
GANGES.

Three flowed eastward, Nalini, Hradini,
and Pavani, and three westward Sita, Cakshu, and
SINDHU.

The river Sita rises in the Himavant, and flows
through these countries : Salila, Karstuba, Cina, Yarvara,
Yavasa (?), Baha, Pushkara, Kulata, Mangala,
Kavara, and Sangavanta (?) ; then it falls into the
western ocean.

South of Sita flows the river Cakshus, which irrigates
the countries Cina, Maru, Kalika (?), Dhulika (?), Tukhara,
Barbara, Kaca (?), Palhava, and Barwancat.
The river SINDHU flows through the countries Sindhu,
Darada, Zindutunda (?), Gandhara, Rurasa (?), Krura (?),
Sivapaura, Indramaru, Sabati (?), Saindhava, Kubata,
Bahimarvara, Mara, Mruna, and Sukurda.

The river Ganges, which is the middle and main
stream, flows through the Gandharva, the musicians,
Kimnara, Yakshas, Rakshasa, Vidyadhara, Uraga, i.e.
those who creep on their breasts, the serpents, Kalapagrama,
i.e. the city of the most virtuous, Kimpurusha,
Khasa (?), the mountaineers, Kirata, Pulinda, the
hunters in the plains, robbers, Kuru, Bharata, Pancala,
Kaushaka (?), Matsya, Magadha, Brahmottara, and
Tamalipta. These are the good and bad beings
through whose territories the Ganges flows. Afterwards
it enters into branches of the mountain Vindhya,
where the elephants live, and then it falls into
the southern ocean.

Of the eastern Ganges arms, the Hradini flows through
the countries Nishaba, Upakana, Dhivara, Prishaka,
Nilamukha, Kikara, Ushtrakarna, i.e. people whose lips
are turned like their ears, Kirata, Kalidara, Vivarna, i.e.
the colourless people, so called on account of their intense
blackness, Kushikana, and Svargabhumi, i.e. a country
like Paradise. Finally it falls into the eastern ocean.



AND, also some legends says that the riverflows through the " SINDHU DESA " is called by the name " SINDU ".

BY the above details we can consider that The river SINDU isalso " GANGES " which flows in the west.

After verifyingsome places, This place only situates to PANJAPPALLI along with GANGES war.

There is a notification in a copper plate of RJC that " His general crrossed the ganges by an elephant bridge " this must be happened at this place only, as per the meikeerthi the GANGES in India, NEVER crossed. To sure that I have to get back to the PALA region.

t those details, I will give the whole details contains the REASON of this war and the details of the king who was defeated by RJC's Younger BROTHER " ERIVALI GANGAI KONDA CHOLA ( எறிவலி கங்கை கொண்ட சோழன் )" and his general.

I will come back soon with the details of PALAS.

thanking you

dear all,
Now I proceed to the next destination,
கோவிந்த சந்தன் மாவிழிந்தோடத்
தங்காத சாரல் வங்காள தேசமும் ( vangala desa which had a good drainage system to avoid flood,captured by defeating the kingGOVINDHA CHANDRA whoescaped fromhis elephantfrom the battle field. )
Chandra Dynasty

They ruled in south-eastern Bengal (vanga and samatata) for about a century and a half from the beginning of the 10th century AD.
The epigraphic records provide clear evidence of a continuous rule of this dynasty for five generations in Vanga and Samatata when the Palas were ruling in northern and western Bengal and Bihar.
Purnachandra and Suvarnachandra, were landlords in Rohitagiri (possibly Lalmai region) as vassals of the Harikela rulers. It was Trailokyachandra (c 900 - 930 AD), son of Suvarnachandra, who was the first independent ruler of the dynasty. He established their sovereign rule in Samatata area with devaparvata as their centre of power and gradually spread it over chandradvipa and parts of Vanga, and assumed the title of maharajadhiraja.
One of the verses of Ladahachandra's Mainamati plate records that under him Vanga was rising in prosperity. The ascendancy of Trailokyachandra in Samatata was in all probability contemporaneous with the rise of the Kambojas in western and northern Bengal within the Pala empire.
It was during the rule of his son and successor, Srichandra (c 930 - 975 AD), the administrative centre of the Chandra kingdom was established at vikramapura in Vanga.
Srichandra was undoubtedly the most important king of the dynasty and his long reign of about 45 years witnessed the apogee of their success. He is credited to have spread his empire over the entire Vanga region and ventured out into the Kamarupa area in the north-east. His copper-plate, found in Paschimbhag village in Moulvibazar district, records his exploits in Kamarupa as well as his attempts at settling a large number of Brahmins in the Sylhet area. He also matched his arms against the Gaudas (either the Kamboja Gaudapatis or the Palas) and he may have played a vital role in saving the tottering Pala power under Gopala II (In one verse of the Paschimbhag plate he is mentioned as Gopala sangropane mahotsavaguru). Lands granted by his six available copperplates and the information provided by the plates of his successors bear testimony to his rule over a vast territory in Vanga and Samatata area.
Only one copperplate of Srichandra's son and successor Kalyanachandra (c 975-1000 AD) has so far been discovered. The copperplates of Kalyanachandra's successors mention that he made his power felt in Gauda and Kamarupa. He may have given a final blow to the Kamboja power in northern and western Bengal and thereby paved the way for the revival of Pala power under mahipala i. His two successors were Ladahachandra (c 1000-1020 AD) and govindachandra, son and grandson of Kalyanachandra respectively, who could maintain the glory of the dynasty and are praised for their liberal policies.
Govindachandra is the last known king of the dynasty. This war during his rule Vangaladesha.
===============================================================
தொடு கழற் சங்கொட்ட மஹிபாலனை
வெஞ்சமர் வளாகத் தஞ்சுவித்தருளி ( the king MAHI PALAwho defeated in a tough war which held close to the sea )
ஒண்திறல் யானையும் பெண்டிர் பண்டாரமும் ( hisgreat elephants, treasury and women also captured)
நித்தில நெடுங்கடல் உத்தர லாடமும் ( his country,Northern lata which liesnear bythe lengthy sea which had pearls)
வெறிமலர் தீர்த்தத்து எறிபுனல் கங்கையும் ( also captured ganges which was filled by flowers at its banks )
UTTARA RADHA

The Belava copper plate of Bhojavarman refer to the village of Siddhala in Uttara-Radha as the birthplace of Bhatta Bhavadeva.

The Naihati grant of Vallalasena also mentions a village named Vallahittaha in Svalpadaksinavithi of Uttara-Radha mandala.

Siddhala has been identified with Siddhalagram in modern Birbhum in West Bengal.

The other village mentioned in the Naihati grant has been identified with Balutiya on the northern fringe of the district of Burdwan.

It is worth mentioning that the Shaktipur grant of laksmanasena states the location of northern Radha in the Kankagram-bhukti whereas according to the Naihati grant northern Radha was a part of Vardhaman-bhukti.

The river Ajay is usually regarded as constituting the boundary line between north and south Radha.

However, on the basis of different epigraphic records we may assume that northern Radha comprised the western parts of the modern district of Mursidabad, the entire district of Birbhum, including some parts of Santal Parganas, and the northern part of the Katwa sub-division of Burdwan district.

whereas sites like Rajbadidanga and Gitagram (in Murshidabad district), Paikor, Batikar, Bahiri, Kagas, Kotasur (in Birbhum district) and Vallalarajardhibi (in Nadia district) belong to Uttara-Radha. Their archaeological assemblages and traditional accounts show the existence of settlements that may help us to visualise the emergence of Radha as a distinct geopolitical unit in the early medieval period.

Now look into the Meikeerthi words,
தொடு கழற் சங்கொட்ட மகிபாலனை
  This line doesn’t give enough meaning. The journal “ chola invasion on bengal ” says that, The word ” கழல் ” seems to be an pronouncial interpretation of the word ” கடல் ” .
The word “ சங்கொட்ட ” can be splited as “ சங்கு + ஒட்ட ”.
Now the line “ தொடு கடற் சங்கு ஒட்ட மகிபாலனை வெஞ்சமர் வளாகத்து அஞ்சுவித்தருளி ” this line shows that the battle field was near by the sea and The king mahipala got panic in the battle.
ஒண்திறல் யானையும் பெண்டிர் பண்டாரமும்
( capturing of the great elephants and the jewels of women. This war end details gives the REASON for this war. How? Lets look it at the end )
நித்தில நெடுங்கடல் உத்தர லாடமும்
I have attached a map of the pala region, as per the map this UTTARA RADHA was not situated near by the sea. This line shows that the king MAHIPALA had his hold upto the sea. That is, he is the over lord for all these territories.
The battle field was near by the sea, this shows that the king advanced towards the sea tracts.
How it is possible that, a king advancing to attack an enemy through another king’s lands.
The word LATA was used by the guptas to indicate their administrative divisions. As per their records present gujrat was named by the exact words of “ uttara lata and dhakshin lata ” as their administrative divisions.
This one shows that this LATA was a divisional region of the King. The “ BHUKTI ” also a divisional region. The kings Dhanma pala, Ranasura and Govindha chandra were , must be the feudal chiefs of MAHIPALA. His capital was MUDGAGIRI (i.e) MUNGYR in present BIHAR.
வெறிமலர் தீர்த்தத்து எறிபுனல் கங்கையும் ( also captured ganges which was filled by flowers at its banks )
In present days also, In Benaras or VARANASI or KASI, at the sacred bathing stations people prays the GANGES by spreading the flowers on it. Around that time also it’s a habit of the people while praying the sacred river.
This line shows the western border of the empire of the king mahipala. Upto the year 1026 a.d. the benaras was in the hands of mahipala. In this year the kalachuri king GANGEYADEVA VIKRAMADHITHYA captured benaras from MAHIPALA ( from an inscription of GANGEYADEVA VIKRAMADHITHYA).
One ARAB visitor says that in the year 1034 GANGEYADEVA VIKRAMADHITHYA was the king of this BENARAS.
Upto this DESTNATION, we have covered the PURVA DESA. how?

I Will com back with the details of theother destinations and ancient INDIA's Divisions.

Thanking You

sakthi sree

dear all,

 Now I proceed to the next destination NAMANAIK KONAI. Further I
have to write in tamil because ofsomeflexibility to dealwith theseletters.
AlsoI dont know how toexplain in english.
   
நாமணைக் கோணம் அல்லது நாமணைக் கொணை ஆகிய சொற்களுக்கு பொருள் அறிந்து கொள்ள
முற்பட்டு அகராதிகளில் தேடிய போது திருப்தியான ஒரு பொருள் அறிய இயலவில்லை. பின்
இந்த எழுத்துக்கள் “ நாமனைக் கோனை ” என்பதன் திரிபாக இருக்கக் கூடுமோ என்ற எண்ணம்
தோன்றியது. சாசனம் அல்லது செப்பேடுகளைஎழுதியவர்களின்தவறாகவோ இருப்பின்
எழுத்துக்கள் பிழையாக எழுதப்பட்டிருக்கக் கூடும்.

நாமனைக் கோனையை சமஸ்கிருதத்தில் மொழிபெயர்க்க எண்ணி இந்த வார்த்தியின் தனித் தனி
வார்த்தையாக இதை பிரித்து எழுதினேன்.

நாமனைக் கோனை இந்த வார்த்தையைச் சொல்லும் போதே நான்கு என்ற வார்த்தையை
சார்ந்துதான்துவங்குகிறது என்பதை உணர முடிந்தது.


எனவே,
  நான்கு + மனை + கோன் என்று பிரித்து எழுதினேன்.

  மனை என்ற சொல் அரண்மனை என்பதன் குறிப்பு வடிவமாகவே
இருக்க வேண்டும்.


  கோன் என்ற சொல்லுக்கு காப்போன் என்று பொருள். இந்த
வார்த்தையை கோனும் என்று எழுதியிருப்பின் ஒரு மனிதனைக் குறிக்கக் கூடும். கோனை
என்று எழுதப்பட்டிருப்பதால் பொருளைக் குறிக்கிறது.


  அரண்மனையைக் காக்கும் பொருள் கோட்டைதானே.ஆகவே நான்கு
+ கோட்டை என்று எழுதினேன். இப்போது சமஸ்கிருதத்தில் மொழி பெயர்ப்பது சௌகரியமானது.

  நான்கு ===> சதுர்

 கோட்டை ====>துர்க்கம்

 
“ சதுர்துர்க்கம் ” இந்தப் பெயரில்ஒரு இடத்தைப் பற்றிய தகவலை அறியதிரு.
சாண்டில்யன் அவர்களின் “ மலை வாசல் ” புதினம்உதவி செய்தது.சாண்டில்யன் அவர்கள்
மாளவதேசத்திலிருந்து மூலஸ்தான புரம் செல்லும் வழியில் “ நீலதுர்க்கம் ” என்ற ஒரு
இடத்தைப் பற்றி குறிப்பிட்டிருந்தார். இதன் மூலம்துர்க்கம் என்றசொல்லிணைத்து
பெயரிடும் வழக்கம் அப்பகுதிகளில் இருந்து வந்ததுதெரிய வந்தது.


சதுர்துர்க்கத்தைப் பற்றிய நேரடியான குறிப்புகள் இல்லையெனினும் யுவான் சுவாங்கின்
பயணக்குறிப்புகளில் ஒரு இடம் இந்தப்பெயரைச் சார்ந்து
குறிப்பிடப்பட்டிருந்தது.யுவான் சுவாங் “ சது த்ரு” என்று இந்த இடத்தைக்
குறிப்பிடுகிறார். தற்போதைய சட்லெஜ் ஆற்றின் கிழக்குக் கரையை ஒட்டி அமைந்திருந்த
நகரம் என்றும் குறிப்பிடுகிறார். இந்த “ சது த்ரு ” நிச்சயமாக “ சதுர் துர்க்கம் ”
என்பதன் திரிபாகவே இருக்க வேண்டும்.


அல்பெருனியின் குறிப்புகளில் ” சதுரா ” என்ற இடத்தைப் பற்றி அறிய நேர்ந்தது.

நாராயணபுரத்தை தலைநகராகக் கொண்டதேசம்அந்தத்தலைநகர்மாற்றார் ( மஹ்மூத் கஜ்னி?
)படையெடுப்பால் அழிவுக்காட்பட்டபின் “ சதுரா ” என்ற இடத்தைதலை நகராக மாற்றிக்
கொண்டதாக அல்பெருனி குறிப்பிட்டிருக்கிறார்.

அறிஞர்கள் இந்த இடம் பஞ்ஜாப் மாநிலத்தில் “ சர்ஹிந்த் ” என்ற இடத்தைக்
குறிப்பதாகக் கூறுகிறார்கள்.இந்த ” சர்ஹிந்த் ” முற்காலத்தில் “ படிண்டா ”
என்ற அரசின்தலைநகராக விளங்கியதாகவும் அறிஞர்கள் குறிப்பிடுகின்றனர். இந்த “
படிண்டா ”வின் கோட்டை அமைப்பைப் பற்றிய ஒரு சுவாரஸ்யமானதகவலை ஒரு புத்தகத்தில்
படிக்க நேர்ந்தது.

புத்தகத்தின் பெயர் " The life and times of sultan mahmud of gazna ". பக்கம் 201
- ல், இப்படிக் குறிப்பிடப்பட்டிருந்தது.

Bhatinda is situated, in the latitude 30deg 15min N. that is nearly the same as
that of multan. This lies between Narayanpur and multan. The fort of bhatinda
is famous for its strength and impregnability. There was also a dense jungle at
The bhatinda was one of the four important forts, which were situated at the
angles of nearly square figure. With a side of 40 miles long, thus forming a “
quadrilateral ” in the path of an invader from the north west. The reduction of
bhatinda was necessary because it guarded the passage into the rich ganges
valley.

இதன் மூலம் நாம் “ நாமனைக் கோனை ” “ படிண்டா ” அரசைப் பற்றிய அல்லது ஹிந்துஷாஹி
அல்லது ஹிந்து ஷா வம்சத்து கடைசி அரசரின் தந்தை ” திரிலோஹன பாலர் ” ஆட்சி செய்து
கொண்டிருந்த பகுதிகளைக் கைப்பற்றியதைக் குறிப்பிடுகிறது என்பதை உணர்ந்து கொள்ளலாம்.


 வேறு எந்த ஒரு இடமும் பரத கண்டம் முழுமையும் தேடினாலும்
நாமணைக்கோணையுடன் ஒத்துப் போகாது என்பது என்னுடையதாழ்மையான கருத்து. ஏனெனில்
புவியமைப்பின் படியும்,மஹ்மூத் கஜினியின் படையெடுப்பின் வரிசையின்
படியும்ஆறுகள்தடைஇல்லாத சமதளமான பகுதிகள் இந்த இடத்திலிருந்துதான்
துவங்குகிறது.

மேலும்,

ராஜேந்திரரின் சாசனத்தில் ஒருசுவாரஸ்யம் எனக்குத் தென்பட்டது.

“ UDAYAR Shree Rajendra Chozha thevar UTTHARA PAADHATHIL
Boopathiyaarai JEYITHARULI YUTHOTHSAVA Vibavathaal GangaiParikiragam
panniyarulina GANGAI KONDA CHOZHANENNUM thirunamathal ITHTHIRUMUTRATHIL vaithu
Arulina UTHAMAAKKIRAM Gangai konda Chozhanil ”
தமிழில்,
  உடையார் ஸ்ரீராஜேந்திர சோழ தேவர் உத்தரபாதத்தில் பூபதியராய்
ஜெயித்தருளி யுத்தோத்சவ வைபவத்தால் கங்கை பரிக்கிரயம் பண்ணியருளின கங்கை கொண்ட
சோழனென்னும் திருநாமத்தால் இத்திருமுற்றத்தில் வைத்து அருளின உதமக்கிரம் கங்கை
கொண்ட சோழனில்
தமிழில் இதை எழுதிப் பார்த்த போது, இரண்டு வார்த்தைகள் பொருள் எனக்கு விளங்கவில்லை.
தமிழ் மொழி அகராதிகளில் தேடிய அந்த இரண்டு வார்த்தைகளின் அர்த்தம் மிகுந்த
ஆச்சர்யத்தை அளித்தன.

1. பரிக்கிரயம் பொருள்
http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/romadict.pl?query=கிரயம்&table=kadirvelu

2. உதமக்கிரம்( or உதக்கிரம்?) பொருள்
http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/romadict.pl?query=உதக்கிரம்&table=kadirvelu

இந்த இரண்டு வார்த்தைகளின் பொருளால்
1. கங்கை கொண்ட சோழீஸ்வரம்
2. கங்கை கொண்ட சோழீஸ்வரர்
3. பூர்வ தேசமும் கங்கையும் கடாரமும் கொண்ட சோழன்
4. கங்கை கொண்ட சோழன்
5. எறிவலி கங்கை கொண்ட சோழன்
6.கங்கை கொண்டான்

இத்தனை பெருமைகளுக்குக் காரணமான கங்கை எங்கே இருக்கிறது என்ற குழப்பம் எனக்கு
ஏற்பட்டிருக்கிறது.


நாமணைக் கோணையைப் பற்றிய இந்த குறிப்புகள் ஏற்புடையதாக இருக்கும் என்று
நம்புகிறேன். ஏதெனும் முரண்பாடுகள் தென்படின் எடுத்துச் சொல்லுங்கள்.

சிறந்த அறிஞர் பெருமக்கள் நிறைந்திருக்கும் இந்தக் குழுமத்தில் இந்த குறிப்புகளைச்
சொல்வதன் காரணம் யாரேனும் இந்த குறிப்புகளைக் கொண்டு மேலும் ஆழமான ஆராய்ச்சிகள்
செய்து “ எம் உடையார் ஸ்ரீ ராஜேந்திர சோழ தேவர்” ரத்த வெறி பிடித்து தன்னுடைய
ஆளுமையையும் திறனையும் காட்டுவதற்காக கங்கை படையெடுப்பை நிகழ்த்தவில்லை.
கோயில்களை அழித்த, வாள்முனையில் மக்களை தனது வழிபாட்டு முறைகளை மாற்றச் செய்த “
மஹ்மூத் கஜினியை” வென்று கங்கையை மீட்டு கடைசி ஹிந்து சாஹி அரசரை மீண்டும்
ஆட்சியில் அமர்த்திய “ எம் உடையார் ஸ்ரீ ராஜேந்திர சோழ தேவரின் பெருமைகளை உலகறியச்
செய்ய மாட்டீர்களா?”என்ற ஏக்கம் தான்.

மஹ்மூத் கஜினியின் படையெடுப்புகளில் ஒரு படையெடுப்பைப் பற்றிய குறிப்புகளில் சில
முரண்பாடுகள் இருக்கின்றன.

மஹ்மூத் கஜினியைத் தாக்கியது சரி “ மஹிபாலரையும் இந்திரரதனையும்” தாக்கியதன் காரணம்
என்ன என்று நீங்கள் கேட்கக்கூடும். “ palas of bengal " புத்தகத்தில் இதற்கு ஒரு
சாசனம் உதவி செய்கிறது.

இந்திர ரதனின் தாக்குதலுக்கு காரணம் அறிய
அவருக்குப் பின் ஆட்சிபீடம் ஏறிய “ மஹாசிவகுப்தா மஹாராஜா சண்டிஹாரா யயாதி2” உதவி
செய்கிறார்.

மாசுணி தேசத்தைப் பற்றி அறிந்து கொள்ள முற்பட்ட போது, கலியுகத்தின் தொடக்க கால
அரசுகளைப் பற்றிய குறிப்புகள் உதவின.

தொடர்கிறேன்.
நன்றி
சக்தி ஸ்ரீ.

dear sir,

  This namanaik konai has been mentioned after MATHURA in
U.P., JAYASIMHA's kulenur inscriptionsimply mentions RJC rushed to help
chandela vidhyadhar to prevent the attack from ghazni. so we have tosearch the
routewhich goes towards GHAZNI in AFGANISTHAN. Also no possiblity to return
back to these places from madura...

I think, this JAYASIMHA is WESTERN chalukya king who mentions in very very
simple words, instead of an ATTACK ofour RJC at GHAZNA.

How i dare to say this,

To Ensure, Ihave to compile the details of " MAASUNI DESAM " and the
controversialdetails which were mentioned by the mohammaden poets(?) who are
praisingmahmud ghazni.


It will take some time to compile.

I will come back soonwith the same.

thanking you....

sakthi sree

thank you very much sir. I have to compile a lengthy details may take some time.
sorry for the delay. I will come back soon.

Hi Sakthi Sree,

Your research on Rajendra's battle is worth a doctoral degree. Please continue and write a full summary of your research.

HI Sakthi,

Requesting you to map your hypothesis with a South Asian Map. :) You should be
able to trace out a route with all this information.

Dear Sakthisree
Your research on Rajendra's path to Ganges is too good. Due to my ill
health I was silent for a long time. Now I dont want to interrupt, but I think
the following details may help you for the research.

Kindly reconsider the explanation for Namanai Konam as it is a pure tamil
word, not sanskrit. It says the four directions from the fort leads to other
forts situated in four sides. Kindly consider Raichur Doab region and just have
a look into it which suits the descriptions. Tiruvalangadu plates sanskrit
portion 101 to 124 lines andKaranthai plates are also mentioning these places.
SII Vol.2 will help you more.
Moreover, the destination of Rajendra was very clear from its starting
point. He ordered the army from Kanchi to go upto Ganges. The orders were
handed over to Arayan Rajarajan, the chief of army who was at the banks of
Tungabadra.(This is true as per many inscriptions. Sandilyan used this in his
fiction, and he says our hero Vandiyatheven has taken this orders of Rajendra
personally to Arayan Rajarajan ). The reasons for Rajendra's destination were
started much earlier from the period of RRC due to his politics about Vengi. It
starts from when Dhanaavarshan's sons Sakthi Varman and Vimaladhithan were
refugees at Kalinga and then came to RRC and the incidents happened much prior
to Rajendra took charge..The army's path was drawn by Rajendra according to
these political situations and to save Vengi permanently to Cholas.
Chakkarakotam is now called Chithirakoodam which is at Basthar district,
on the banks of Indravati River, 22 miles from Jagadhalpur. Madura Mandalam,
Nmanaikonam, Panchapalli are the parts of Masuni desam. There is Rajapuram
plates which describes these places. Dhandaputhi is between Orissa and Bengal.
Bengal was called Lada desam. Please remember the path of return ofthe army from
bengal. The final battles were with Indra Radhan of Ottara Desam(orissa)
.Dharumapalan of Dhandaputhi, Ranasuran of South Lada desam, Mahipalan of North
Lada desam and finally the army reached Ganges.
Therewas one Govinda Chandran, a subordinate of Mahipalan who renewed
the battle but was defeated and ran into forests. Rajendra went upto Godhavari
to receive Arayan Rajarajan, captured and established Vengi, then only held the
marriage of his daughter Ammangai with Kulothunga's father.

One of the chieftain, Samandasenanof Rajendra's army stayed at bengal and
later started the Sena dynasty in bengal.
I hope these details will make some help you for the research. If these
details are not needed, kindly drop them and continue. My wishes.

Dear Sakthi Sree Sir,

The Tamil usage of "Kirayam" in legal documents means to give/transfer. If any property is transfered for a consideration it is called as virkirayam". The person executing the document is called as "virkirayadharar".The opposite for this word virkirayam "parikrayam" .we can safely assume that the word parikrayam means to bring or to take.Hence to my knowledge the word "Parikraham seydu" to bring ganges to chola kingdom.

Similarly the word "uththamakramam" should be deciphered in the following way.

Kiramam means ritual or prescribed activities.In our usage any kiramam relating to departed souls is uththama kiramam. Even now in our obsequies initimation the word uthamakiyai is used in this sense.Hence can we assume RJC has done some ofthis ritual in the court yard of Gangai Konda Choleeswaram.

All these assumptions are a logical thought and our friends in the group may help you to arrive at the correct conclusions.

dear all,

  I think Imissed to give some details about MathurA. rjc'S
OPPONENT at mathura decides the further poceedings towhom he fights... After a
long search i got the Book "The KITAB -i- Yamini written byAL-UTBI, personal
secratary of MAHMUD OF GHAZNA ".


In this book Utbi explains Mahmud's attack on Mathura and his hold at mathura.
I have attached the these details in an MS word document. Pls have a look at it.
then continue from here.

At this place we have to consider the other Two details given By RJC.

The first one one is Purva desa, as per the details i have given before, this
region is Mentioned after MAASUNI DESA. so we have to consider the next detail
given by RJC.

the next one is,

  the inscription which deals with " UTTARA PATHA ". in this
inscription, heclearly mentions that there was a war between him and the kings
in UTTARA PATHA.

so,we have to calculate that, the 3 other destinations lies in uttara patha.

where is this UTTARA PATHA....

Our Virarajendra sir's words about this region,

1. Dharmasastra of Manu states Uttarapatham lies to the west of the place where
river Sarawathi disappears.

2. Great Indian Epic Mahabharata states ".....the Yavanas, Kambojas, Gandaras,
Kiratas, and Barbarahs who were born in Uttarapatham......", which were all
situated in north-western India.

3. Nepali Manuscripts says "....Purushapuram territory in Uttarapatham.....".
Purushapura is the present Peshawar in the upper Sind valley region of present
Pakistan. 4. Kaviya Mimansa states the Uttarapatha lay on the western side of
Prthudaka  


Evene there are number of the details about this Uttara patha. there is a book
" Uttara patha " is also available.


I'm also use the above details about uttara patha. The " Kavya mimansa " is
said to be, a very close time article with RJC.


so lets see where is this PIRUTHUDAKA...

In the book " The Ancient Geography of INDIA, alexander cunninghamidentifies
that, this Piruthudaka is the modernPEHOA situated on the southern bank of
saraswati, 14 miles west to theThanesar in HARYANA.


  This statement clearly
shows that The other DESTINATIONs located west to theTHANESAR fort which is
one of the 15 forts occupied by Mahmud of Ghazna.

with in this region, There is a place which matches to the detail given by our "
Vishwak senan " sir,


"the explanation for Namanai Konam as it is a pure tamil word, not sanskrit. It
says the four directions from the fort leads to otherforts situated in four
sides."


related to these words, just now I got a Hint ( from the Journal of The ASIATIC
Society )related to these words, which corresponds to the3rd capital of the
SHAHI kings. ( which i already mentioned in the previous posts )
 
I'm trying to get that journal. After i get the same i will give the exact
destination position.


Thanking You....

sakthi sree.

dear sir,

  thanks for your nice explanations about Parikrayam and
Uthamakiram.


 This " sadustan " is the first place, which I doubted.

 but its location is below Panjappalli which is multan,
distance is 682 km by road.
 
 the hindu shahi dynasty's eastern border is said to be the "
sir hind " in Punjab, india....


 The 3rd capital of TheSHAHI kingdom NANDANA, which was
established byANANDAPALA.....

  Nandana in SALT range in NORTHERN Punjab in Pakistan from
here theyrule upto Sirhind...
 
  In the Ghazni's invasions, Nandanawas conquered in the year
1012, the next invasion is Thanesar in haryana in the year 1014... this also
confirms that upto present punjab, in india, shahis had their hold..... 

  A hint from a Journal of the ASIATIC society.. Volume11, "
Nandana - the name of the Four towns..... " which means Four forts ,which
suits with the details given by our vishwak Senan sir...


 I think,  the location of Nandana is the Place which is
said to be the entrance of theplains fortheInvaders from the West (
Alexanderalso).. So its quiet considerable with Namanik konam or namanaik
konai..... ( further I leave it to the Researchers, because i am unable to trace
the journal ")

  The Last shahi king " bhima pala " was ruled from here for
4 or 5 years..... (alberuni's words about his rule, scholars places him at
nandana )

So , I sugest that,,

  Namanik konam is " NANDANA in salt range " which is
consideraleby its location as the entrance....

 
  Panjappalli is " Multan "capital of arab kingdom, in
Pakistan



  Maasuni Desam is whole Pakistan and parts of Afganistan
around Kabul....


 

 இந்த வார்த்தைகளைச் சொல்வதாவேண்டாமா என்றநீண்ட யோசனைக்குப் பின்
சொல்கிறேன்...


 சோழதேசத்தின் அனைத்துப் பதிவுகளிலும், சாசனங்களிலும், விருதுப்
பெயர்களிலும் இடம் பெறும் கங்கை


“ கங்கோத்ரியில்துவங்கி வங்கக் கடலில் கலக்கும் கங்கை அல்ல”



“ க்ளேசியரில்துவங்கி சிந்துதேசம் வழியாகச் சென்று அரபிக்கடலில் கலக்கும்கங்கை
நதியே ”



உத்தர பாத சாசனம், பஞ்சப்பள்ளி பற்றிய என்னுடைய குறிப்புகளை மீண்டும்ஒரு
முறைபடித்து விட்டு இது சரிதான் என்றால் ஏற்றுக் கொள்ளுங்கள்...


ஏற்றுக் கொள்ள இயலாவிடில் வரலாற்று உலகில்முதன் முதலாக அடியெடுத்து
வைத்திருக்கும் குழந்தையொன்றின் மழலை மொழி என்று நினைத்து மன்னித்து மறந்து
விடுங்கள்....


நன்றி,

சக்தி ஸ்ரீ

dear all,

 
According to the 15 Forts, I divide the battle road from Mathura to Ghazni... in
two directions... and combines in bathinda, moves to ghazni...


1st Route :

sgar to bathinda in punjab, in India...

Map 1:

A. Bastar in Chattisgar which is SAKKARAK KOTTAM
B. DHARA the capital of Bhojaraja ( combined army moves to )
C. Mathura in uttar pradesh which is MATHURA MANDALAM
D. NARAYANPUR Fort near Alwar in Rajasthan
E. Bathinda Fort in Punjab in India

2nd Route :

Map 2 :


A. Mathura in uttar pradesh which is MATHURA MANDALAM
B. Kalinjar fort in Banda district in uttar pradesh
C. Kannauj Fort in Uttar pradesh
D. Buland shahr in Uttar pradesh
E. Thanesar in Haryana
F. Kangra in Himachal Pradesh ( Nagarkot fort )
G. Nandana or Nandna in Salt range, Punajab in Pakistan
H. Bathinda Fort in Punjab in India ( Both army combines here )

Map 3:

A. Bathinda Fort in Punjab in India
B. Multan in Pakistan ( which is panjappalli )
C. Sehwan Fort in pakistan ( To reach this place and the next places Ganges to
be Crossed )
D. Hund near attock in Pakistan...

note this 2
places in a separate map.... Map 4.....

I Neglect Lahore which the scholars disputes That Lahore near kabul...

Also neglect Bhatiya Fort which is in between multan and sehwan... because
scholars dispute between these two forts ( another one is bathinda ), I consider
bathinda is suitable to enter to Naraynpur from west... Bhatiya can be
captured, after multan before sehwan... so I didn’t notify this fort…

Kalinjar Fort is under Doubt.. but I notify the same in the Map 2... Vidhyadhar
had his hold in later days also...

Dear vishwak senan sir,

n BY
crossing the Ganges which is now called as Indus, back to Dhara and reaches to
Vengi is Possible.


There Asscension of Raja raja narendra and his Marriage with ammanga devi takes
place...


Then Rjc moves towards Purva desa...

Already i have given those details about from Adi nagar to BENARAS.

I have to give details about, the reason for the attack of Indra ratha,
Mahipala and alsoKadaram war.. Further posts I will give those details...

Dear Kathie,

Nandana is the Right letters, Nandna is written by thebritish scholars.
thanks for your information.
 
I think “ Nandana ” is a sanscrit term which means “ Indra ” also means “
son ”.


I Request PSVP captains, to take the Responsibility to announceabout this war
between RJC and Ghazni, After for a deep research in this Angle by the Legends.
( If my details are acceptable, arrange for a legend's research in this angle )

It will make me happy for my, nearly One year work in the collection of these
details...
Thanking you

Sakthi sree

Dear all,

I have collected all the basic details from the following sites :

1. Our PSVP’s earlier discussions by legendary members
2. Varalaaru.com
3. Project madurai
4. Poetryinstone.in
5. Southindianinscriptions
6. Banglapedia
7. Kosal. Org
8. Orissagovernmentportal
9. TDPC of punjab
10.Tamilartsacademy
11.Our Virarajendra sir’s research extract from Mayyam Hub.

And some other sites helped me a lot.....


I have collected all the other details from the following books even a hint
also...


1. Epigraphia indica vol IX
2. Thiruvalanchuzi Shedrabalar kovil – a research by our SPS sir
3. Valanchuzi vanar by R.Kalaikkovan and M.Nalini
4. Alberuni’s INDIA vol 1& 2
5. The KITAB – I - YAMINI
6. The ancient geography of india
7. Yuvan chwang travels in india
8. Studies in the geography of ancient and medieval india
9. Political history of India
10.The history of medieval hindu india
11.Personal and geographical names in the inscriptions of guptas
12.Palas of bengal
13.The history and culture of the palas
14.Trichnopoly
15.Dhanapala and his times
16.Malwa through the ages
17.Bhojaraja
18.Ancient india-s
19.Chandelas of jejabhukti
20.Early rulers of kajuraho
21.The cultural profile of south kosala
22.The origin of saivism
23.The history of medieval vaishnavism
24.Medieval orissa a socio economic study
25.History and historians in ancient india
26.Constitutional and political devolopement in india
27.Ancient indian history and civilization
28.Prof.Raychaudri as a historian
29.Tamilian antiquary
30.Cultural history of india
31.A history of india
32.Education in ancient india
33.Dimensions and human cultures in central india
34.Tribal roots of hinduism
35.Studies in the religious life of ancient and medieval india
36.Haryana present and past
37.Geography from ancient indian coins
38.Inscriptions of saraphuriyas, panduvamsins and somavamsins
39.Descriptive lists of inscriptions in the central provinces and berar
40.Encyclopaedic historiography of the muslim world
41.Urban devolopment in india – since pre historic times
42.Ancient indian education : Brahmanical and budhdhist
43.Encyclopedia in higher education ; pre independence period
44.Indian epigraphy
45.Jornal of the asiatic society of bengal
46.Chronicle of the early janjuas
47.Early aryans to swaraj
48.The life and times of sultan mahmud of ghazna
49.Heroic hindu resistance to muslim invaders
50.India and central asia : classical to contemporary periods
51.Al-hind the slave kings and the islamic conquest
52.Al-hind early medieval india and the expansion of islam
53.History of delhi sultante
54.Essays on idnian antiquities
55.Kalhana’s rajatarangini ; a chronicle of the kings of kashmir
56.Dictionary of pali proper names
57.Researches into the history and civilization of the kiratas
58.Advanced study in the history of medieval india
59.Encyclopaedia of untouchables

And some other books...

After for a long journey on the battle road of RAJRENDRA’s GANGES war, I have
reached the following destinations……………….

1. Chakra kottam – Bastar region in chattisgargh, india
2. Mathura mandalam- Mathura in U.P, india
3. Namnaik konai - Nandana in punjab, pakistan ( shahi kingdom )
4. Panjappalli - Multan in sindh, Pakistan ( Arab kingdom
)
5. Masuni desam - Naga land which comprised parts of
afganisthan, Whole pakistan, punjab, haryana, himachal pradesh and borders of
kashmir. ( May consider upto mathura or U.P also. some books shows the presence
of NAGAS in mathura region )

FOR a clear conclusion pls refer the above saidBOOKS.
 
I think all the details I have given are enough, if I proceed further All of you
could feel that " I’m imagining too much… " that’s why I stops it at this
position....

My sincere thanks to,

Our PSVP captains
Our SPS sir
Our VIJAY sir
Our VIRARAJENDRA sir
Our VISHWAK SENAN sir


And all the one who listened my words and all the one who interacted with it...

My special thanks to “ PONNIYIN PUTHALVAR ” who made me to know a bit of indian
history...


Thanking you all,


Sakthi sree 




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Dear Sakthisree
Really I appreciate your hardwork and research made. This kind of
sparkling enthusiasm lies only with great historians and researchers. But this
title "Rajendra's battle road to Ganges' was done by few historians in the past.
One of them was Mr. Venkiah and Mr.S.K.Iyengar. S.K.Iyengar has written a book
with title "Gangai Konda Cholan" and narrates the path intercepting Gajini's
raids. But later the strength of his evidances were lost., because of Gajini's
raids were17 timesfrom 1012 and ended just before Rajendra's expedition. No
evidances are available for some northern kings requested for help, or any hint
in Rajendra's whole inscriptions and meykeerthis. If it was so, our poets wont
let it go unseeingly and definitely written something on it.
Anyhow, it is the way that a historian might think.
The references you mention in the list confuse a little.The Tiruvalangadu
plates and Karanthai plates, Meikeerthi of Rajendra and his 29th year
inscription on the walls of Tanjore Temple south wall of central shrine first
and second tiers, Tirumalai inscriptions are giving a clear picture of the path
to Ganges.
If you lead from these basic informations your destination will be reached
without any troubles.

Once it was stated that Kadaram is in the Ramnad district by Prof. Hultzch
and the statement is still in the inscriptions page even now. We may get
confused by some materials and have to clear us first to proceed.
Your derivation upto Chakkara Kottam and Madhura mandalam made me to look
into the references again and seems acceptable. But the next , about
Panchapalli, Namanaikonam, and Masuni desam seems not clear to me. In KAN's map
of India 1200 A.D. and explanations, the Sakkarakottam is mentioned clearly.
Try to get some inscripional or monumental, or plates mentioning Rajendra
with evidances of his path to the extreme north west. Nowhere in our records is
mentioned about Rajendra's northwest path, and that is the reason for my doubt.
Kindly try to clear me, if you have time to spare.

please refer history of orissa by panikkarai

orissa history congress journals
utkal journals
orissa museum journals
orissa district cultural volumes
patna journals
bengal journals

when u r working on chola history vaidumba ,kalinga,somavamsi, palas chinda nagas south kosala kingdom also is involved.

u can talk to me in this regards.

cholas not did hit and run

s.balasubramani B+ve

99402 40847

" ... As you see there is a good distance between Tamilnadu and UP and I am very much interested to know how much time they took to reach there, if ever this happened. I am saying 'if ever it happened' as I have not gone through this study, so please pardon my ignorance here... "

Dear Saurab,

In the past 50 years ATLEAST enough is discussed re Rajaraja - thanks to Kalki - through his PS Fiction (becos of which we are assembled here).. and in the past 20 years - so much works have come out on Rajaraja.

Likewise lot of details are made availble re Mahendra I, Narasimha I and Rajasimha too - of late.

RAJENDRA did not get his DESERVING SEAT in our History.. !!

Pls mark my words - in next 3 - 4 years - RAJENDRA will be the focus point of several Scholars.. and enough books will be published.

However - pls be assured that Rajendra did CONQUER part of Northern Provinces - brought Ganges to South - Like Bagheeratha !!


It is NOT that he brought GODHAVARI water and called it Ganga Water !!

rgds / sps

Oh..

Normally it is well celebrated during Arudhra !

sps

======

Dear ALL,
  Now i have compiled the summarised details about the BATTLE
ROAD of RJC which i have collected and analysedby my little ENGLISH and TAMIL
knowledgewith mybasic mould designing knowledge. If you feel any thing
controverses with my previous details, pls pardon me. because ofconfusing
statements from scholars and mohammaden historians,Iwasconfused. There are
LOTS of controversial state ments in the war details of MAHMUD OF GHAZNA.So
someerroneousdetails are in my previousPosts.Sorry for the confusing
statements. I have compiled this summary on the base of the Previous details (
mistakes corrected in this summary ).


Rajendra’s Ganges Battle Road
Before enter, I request you all to read the attached journal “ CHOLA
INVASION ON BENGAL ” then proceed further. Because If you read this you could
feel that a part of our RJC’s words are Unacceptable. Do you?


Meikeerthi lines of Rajendra deals with GANGES War :
விக்கிரம வீரர் சக்கரக் கோட்டமும்
முதிர் பட வல்லை மதுர மண்டலமும்
காமிடை வளை நாமணைக் கோணையும்
வெஞ்சிலை வீரர் பஞ்சப்பள்ளியும்
பாசுடைப் பழன மாசுணி தேசமும்

Before we enter into the concept, Lets have a look at the details provided by
our SPS sir, to help us. Those details as follows.
Secondary source (1) : RAJENDRA I - Heading :Wars of Rajendra I -
Pages 12 to 130 - BY M.RAJASEKARA THANGAMANI, History Deptt, Karur
Arts College, Trichy Dt. Nov 1973.

(2) Thamizhaga Varalaaru : Makkalum Panpadum :: KK Pillai Page 270 -
lines 3 - 7 - " Rajendra rushed to help Vidhyadharan, whose common
friends are Bojan and Kangeyan."

PRIMARY : " UDAYAR Shree Rajendra Chozha thevar UTTHARAPAADHATHIL
Boopathiyaarai JEYITHARULI YUTHOSAVA Vibavathaal Gangai Parikiragam
panniyarulina GANGAI KONDA CHOZHANENNUM thirunamathal
ITHTHIRUMUTRATHIL vaithu Arulina UTHAMAAKKIRAM Gangai konda Chozhanil
.. " South Arcot Dt ENNARIRAM inscriptions...


This SEALS the speculations that it was Rajendra's THEERTHA yathirai - friendly
trip etc., etc., once and for all.

JAYASINGA's KULENUR inscriptions mention the trio Bojan - Kangeyan -
Rajendra fought in support of Saanthala Vidhyadharan against Gazni :
Page 123 / Secondary source 1

PRIMARY: Dandaputhi conquest :: Ep Indica Vol XXII 153 / 154

Rajendra's army brought Ganges water in vessels : T.A.S. Vol III No:
34, Kanyakumari inscriptions.

Rajendra's army Crossed Ganges on the backs of Elephants stood in a
row :: Thiruvalangadu CP : SII Vol III - verse 112; ( where? )

Rajendra met the C-in-C on the banks of Godhavari - verse 118, 119 and 122.
Gangai Konda Cholapuram - GKC - Jala Jaya Sthambam - ASI 1911 - 12 PP
173 - 174.
Other Details Which are Considerable : ( my question to be traced )
Alberuni says :
1. A prince of Pala dynasty of KABUL took refuge at Bhojaraja ( who is this
prince? )
2. The Last shahi king Bhimpala ruled for 5 years. ( how? )
Details by Mohammaden historians :
1. At the war end Mahmud Left a large army at mathura.
2. Mahmud of ghazna in his 2nd attack on kalinjar, gifted 15 forts to
vidhyadhara, for his praising verse about him with 300 elphants. ( is this
believable? )
1. In the book “ Bhojaraja ” P.T. sreenivasa ayyangar ( written around 1931 )
says that in the year 1025 mahmud of ghazna’s general conquered sindh. ( why
once again? )
2. Most of the scholars says that at the time of somnathpur expedition The
punjab was permanently annexed to ghazna ( why once again ? ).

3. In udaipur prasasti and ujjain mahakaal temple inscription Bhojaraja
records his victory against TURUSKAS.

Mathura Mandalam :
In this name, the term MANDALAM clearly shows that Mathura is a
province of a country. As per the Meeikeerthi lines the 5th line gives a county
name “ MASUNI DESAM ”. So, its possible to conclude that mathura manadalm,
namanaikkonai, panjappalli belongs to Masuni desam.  
As per the previous details, Mahmud had his hold up to mathura till 1020.
In the year 1025 he had a need to reconquer sindh in the year 1025. why it
happened?.

To trace the reason also, we have to trace other 3 places in RJC’s victorious
record .
At mathura we have to confirm something to decide where to proceed.
As per the meikeerthi, Adinagar and its following places fells under PURVADESA.


Here we look at the inscription of Rjc from Ennayiram.
“UDAYAR Shree Rajendra Chozha thevar UTTHARA PAADHATHIL
Boopathiyaarai JEYITHARULI YUTHOTHSAVA Vibavathaal GangaiParikiragam
panniyarulina GANGAI KONDA CHOZHANENNUM thirunamathal ITHTHIRUMUTRATHIL vaithu
Arulina UTHAMAAKKIRAM Gangai konda Chozhanil ”
தமிழில்,
 
உடையார்ஸ்ரீராஜேந்திரசோழதேவர்உத்தரபாதத்தில்பூபதியராய்ஜெயித்தருளியுத்தோத்சவவைபவத்தால்கங்கைபரிக்கிரயம் 
பண்ணியருளினகங்கைகொண்டசோழனென்னும்திருநாமத்தால்இத்திருமுற்றத்தில்வைத்துஅருளினஉதமக்கிரம்கங்கைகொண்டசோழனில்.
.

“ மீட்பு ” ( i.e ) restoration.
So its possible to confirm that Ganges has been RESTORED by RJC in UTTARA PATHA.


Uttara Patha :
According to the statements already stated, Uttarapatha is the Region west to
the PEHOA in haryana.
According to the ancient statements, uttarapatha comprises the western regions
from PEHOA in HARYANA To Yavana Desa. Can be expressed in another way as the
region between SARASWATHI river and OXUS River ( approx ).
In the records of rjc After kadaram war therewas no war as a notable one. This
“ uttara patha ” victory is a great one. If it was happened after kadaram war it
must be added in the meikeerthi. But there is no notification about this. So
that the “ un identified and un traceable places ” in meikeerthi are belongs to
the UTTARAPATHA region.

So we have to search the other THREE destinations in UTTARAPATHA.
The GANGES :
  I think that, all the scholars were confused by the poetic
representation of the western border of the pala kingdom of bengal which is
notified as “ வெறிமலர் தீர்த்தத்து எறிபுனல் கங்கையும் ” ( The ganges’s sacred
bathing station filled with flowers and the river course splashes water by
dashing on the bank ). It clearly shows the western border of the pala kingdom
which is Benaras, In present days also, people praying at ganges by spreading
the flowers. It shows that it’s a regular practice from the ancient days.
  The journal “ chola invasion on Bengal ” clearly analyses and
states that the war between the over lord of bengal and Rjc took place on the
sea tracts at where the ganges joins with the sea. This clearly shows that rjc
never enter in to bengal. Because the king mahipala was defeated. After a king
was defeated, it is possible to say that rjc won the whole kingdom. That is
clearly mentioned in meikeerthi, the borders of the pala kingdom, uttara radha
in the north, vangala desa in the east, danda bhukthi in the south and benaras
in the west. The other names of the kings mentioned were the feudatories of
mahipala.

Now we have to confirm that which is this Ganges mentioned in the inscription.
The Matsya-Puranasays:
After the GANGES had settled on earth, it divided itself into seven arms, the
Matya or middle of which is the main stream, known as the GANGES.

Three flowed eastward, Nalini, Hradini and Pavani, and three westward Sita,
Cakshu, and SINDHU.
The river Sita rises in the Himavant, and flows through these countries :
Salila, Karstuba, Cina, Yarvara, Yavasa (?), Baha, Pushkara, Kulata, Mangala,
Kavara, and Sangavanta (?) ; then it falls into the western ocean.

South of Sita flows the river Cakshus, which irrigates the countries Cina, Maru,
Kalika (?), Dhulika (?), Tukhara, Barbara, Kaca (?), Palhava, and Barwancat.
The river SINDHU flows through the countries Sindhu, Darada, Zindutunda (?),
Gandhara, Rurasa (?), Krura (?), Sivapaura, Indramaru, Sabati (?), Saindhava,
Kubata, Bahimarvara, Mara, Mruna, and Sukurda.

Scholars says that the River which flows through the Sindhu desa got its Name as
SINDHU, now INDUS.
So, according to the above statements we could confirm that The Ganges Mentioned
in the inscriptions is the present SINDHU river.
The Opponent :
If the Ganges need to be restored, there must be a hold by some
other one. Now we have to confirm that who had his hold at Sindhu river.

According to the statements by mohammadden poets and historians. The king
mahmud of ghazna is the over lord upto Kalinjar in U.P. in the East. So its
possible to confirm that the opponent king is “ Mahmud of ghazna ”.

In the year 1010, a governor was appointed by mahmud in Multan.
In the year 1012 or 1014 a governor appointed in Nandana in salt range.
In the year 1018-19, A large army left at Mathura ( by al- utbi ). It shows that
Mathura is a province of the country of GHAZNA.
Now its possible to calculate that the Namanaikkonai and Panjappalli may be the
Places at where the Governors were appointed by Mahmud.
Need to confirm only.
PANJAPPALLI :
By this name, there is no possiblity to trace a place in such name,
in the north west regions. It may be a poetic representation of a place. 

The first detail doubtable about this place,
Yuan chwang notifies a place in the name of “ pichenpopulo ” in the
sindh region.

Most of the, Yuan chwang’s notifications about the names of the countries were
related pronunciations to their original names.

As per this concept, this name sounds a bit like “ panjappalli ”. its location
is located by Alexandar cunningham as the ALOR or AROR below MULTAN. Also says
this name may be a second name of this place.

Further,
In Tamil “ PALLI ” means “ school ” and also means “ the Junction point of the
rivers ”.
As per the “ junction point of the rivers ” concept, some considerable words,
iyatta now
known as jehlum, from the city of thename on its western banks, and the river
Candraha join each other nearly fifty miles above Jahravar, and pass along west
of Multan.

The river Biyas flows east of Mnltan, and joins afterwards the Biyatta and
Candraha.

The river Irava is joined by the river Kaj, which rises in Nagarkot in the
mountains of Bhatul.


Thereupon follows as the fifth the river Shatladar (Satlej).

After these five rivers have united below Multan
at a place called pancanadu, i.e. the meeting-place of
the five rivers ( பஞ்சப்பள்ளி ), they form an enormous watercourse.
In flood-times it sometimes swells to such a degree as to cover nearly a space
of ten farsakh , and to rise above the tree of the plains, so that afterwards
the rubbish carried by the floods is found in their highest branches like
birds-nests. The Muslims call the river, after it has passed the Sindhi city
Aror,

This confluence of thefive rivers, nowcalled as PANJNAD river,
this flows about 45 milesand join with the INDUS near bythe city "
MITHUNKOT ".

I have attached the MAP of the presentjunction of these rivers, this one could
give you a clear view.
As per the statement of RJC,
  Rajendra's army Crossed Ganges on the backs of Elephants
stood in a
row :: Thiruvalangadu CP : SII Vol III - verse 112;
  This must be done, beforeINDUS joins with panjnad
river. Beforejoin with the panjnad river the stream of indus is considerably
short as possible to be crossed with a FORD.
In the Meikeerthi, this place has been described as “ வெஞ்சிலை வீரர்
”. Even though this word have a direct meaning as “ bold and tough ” which is an
usual thing, that all the warriors must be bold and tough. There is nothing
seems to be special that it must be noted in a “ MEIKEERTHI ”.
  I thought that it may be an interpretation of the word “ வெண் சீலை
வீரர் ” ( i.e ) the warriors who wore the White clothes, which exactly matched
with the dress code of the arabs who were the rulers of the MULTAN, who had
friendliness with SHAHI kings.
According to the previous statements, there was a governor in
MULTAN. So its possible to conclude that MULTAN province of Ghazna country is
the “ PANJAPPALLI ”.
NAMANAIKKONAI :
There is no possibiblity to trace a place in the north west region
in this name. It may be a tamil translated sanscrit word. As I translated it
into sanscrit in the earlier post as “ SATHUR DHURGGAM ” which means FOUR FORTS.
( which is acceptable by the further statement )
A journal of the ASIATIC SOCIETY volume 11, says that “ NANDANA ” is
the name of the FOUR TOWNS ( which means FOUR FORTS ). Its only the available
source to suggest that the NANDANA region is the NAMANAIKKONAI which was ruled
by the last shahi king bhimapaladevasahi ( inscriptional name ).

Possibilty OF this Region :
Alberuni says “ A shahi prince took refuge at Bhojaraja ”.
who is this prince ?.
In the year around 1017, Alberuni was brought to GHAZNA by mahmud.
At this time The King of the Shahi dynasty was Trilohanapala. After 1017 only,
he could come to NANDANA, at where he stayed for some years and wrote his book.
If he talks about a prince, he must be a descendent of Trilohanapala.
In the year 1021 trilolohanpala was murdered by his own mutinous troups.
There are no other records about the kings of shahi kings after
bhimpala, the son of trilohanapala who is the PRINCE at the time of his father’s
death. He is the shahi PRINCE who took refuge at BHOJARAJA. There are No other
Possibities of ANY OTHER ONE.

Alberuni also says that “ BHIMPALA ” ruled for 5 years. Scholars
says that he was ruled at NANDANA, upto the time of SOMNATH conquest By mahmud
or in the year 1025 - 1026.
If a PRINCE who took refuge at a king, RULED for some years is
possible, only when he win the ENEMY who occupied his COUNTRY.

In the year 1012 or 1014 a governor was appointed at NANDANA by Mahmud of
Ghazna.

In udaipur prasasti and ujjain mahakaal temple inscription Bhojaraja records his
victory against TURUSKAS.
If bhojaraja records victory against TURUSHKAS, Its also A record of
RAJENDRA ( as per the CONFEDERACY between RJC, BHOJARAJA, VIDHYADHRA and
GANGEYA. )

Jaya simha says this in Very simple words as,
JAYASINGA's KULENUR inscriptions mention the trio Bojan -
Kangeyan -
Rajendra fought in support of Saanthala Vidhyadharan against Gazni :
Page 123 / Secondary source 1.
  Now it is possible to be Calculated that, NANADANA
region has the High probability to be NAMANAIKKONAI. To reach “ PANJAPPALLI ”
which is MULTAN province, the entry point or “ the frontier of hind ” which is
SIRHIND, which is the eastern border of shahi kingdom, must be took in to
control.
This Nandana region fom jailum river to SIRHIND east to satlej river
is the only possible place which was expressed as “ NAMANAIK KONAI
”.


MAASUNI DESAM :
In the book “ THE CHOLAS ” KAN says that “ naga country which was
surrounded by green fields ".

ion,
( i.e ) NAGA country surrounded by green fields which are irrigated by RIVERs.

According to the ancient civilisation details, people were settled near by a
water source like river, falls etc…. Agricultural lands were irrigated by a
channel from the river.

Why this maasuni desa is mentioned as “ irrigated by river ”.
In the “ BHARATHA VARSHA ” A region which had a number of rivers, is the REGION
where the “ SAPTHA SINDHU ” rivers flows together within a short region. Small
branch streams of These rivers and their tributaries were also flows here and
there. This causes direct irrigation to the fields.
In the Mekeerthi lines, It has been mentioned in the sense of , it
is the country which had “ mathura mandalam, namanaikkonai and panjappalli ” as
its provinces.
In the book “ Bhojaraja ” P.T. sreenivasa ayyangar ( written around
1931 ) says that, in the year 1025 mahmud of ghazna’s general conquered SINDH.

region from, around HINDU KUSH mountain region to SIRHIND in indiawas called
he whole india was
called as HINDUSTHAN. SIRHIND was called as the “ FRONTIER of HIND ( Hindhusthan
) ”.

In the year 1025, The genaral of MAHMUD conquered SINDH ( i.e ) Sindhusthan.

As per the statements of mohammaden historians, Mahmud of ghazna is the over
lord upto Kalinjar in the year 1020. Then, in the year 1025, he RE-CONQUERed the
Sindhusthan. This clearly shows that HE LOST his HOLD in sindhusthan.

Acoording to the MOHAMMADEN historians, the 15 forts were gifted by Mahmud and
came under control of vidhyadhara from MAHMUD ( Forts from KABUL to KALINJAR ).
The story which was told by them is unacceptable as the forts were
gifted by mahmud to vidhyadhara. A chandela RAJPUT king praised his enemy, is
also an UNBELIEVABLE ACT of a RAJPUT king.
So that, the story of GIFTING the 15 forts, is a built up story by
words, which was created by them to HIDE the DEFEAT OF MAHMUD of GHAZNA by the
CONFEDERACY of RAJENDRA, Bhojaraja, Gangeya and Vidhyadhara.

Mahmud of GHAZNA lost his hold in the year 1021- 1022, in this year
BHIMPALA ASCEND the his throne after his refuge at Bhojaraja. Its also confirms
that HE GOT BACK his own land.
So, now we could confirm that MAASUNI DESA is the COUNTRY, which had GHAZNA as
its capital. To attack this GHAZNA the GANGES ( INDUS ) must be crossed at
Panjappalli. To reach panjappali, namanaikkonai must be cleared from occupation.

Now The country of MAHMUD of ghazna, which was the NAGA land, ( MAASUNI DESA )
could be confirmed by the presence of NAGA people by the statements from the
scholars.
Number of scholars gives the statements about the presence of NAGA people in the
ancient days, inthe areas around KABUL, SINDHUSTHAN, KANGRA and MATHURA ( from
the time of MAHABARATHA to the time of BUDHDHA, even later also).

To ensure pls refer the books
“ The origin of Saivism and its history in the Tamil land ”

“ Sun and the Serpent ”
Some other books in my reference details.
As PER the ABOVE details I CONCLUDE that theregions MTHURA
MANDALAM, PANJAPPALLI, NAMANAIKKONAI, PANJAPPALLI are MAASUNI DESA which were
the TERRITORY of “ SULTAN MAHMUD YAMIN AL-DAULA ” who was DEFEATED at his
CAPITAL GHAZNA by UDAYAR SREE RAJENDRA CHOLA DEVARwho is thePURVA DESAMUM
GANGAIYUM KADARAMUM KONDA CHOLA DEVAR.