KARIKAALAN - over the ages
  • The earliest reference of Karikaala's conquests to countries beyond
    tamilagam appears in pattinappalai. Here, katiyaloor
    uruthirankannanar says that "among those subjucated by karikaala are
    Ozhiyar, ancient aruvaalar, NORTHERERS, WESTERNERS and pandiyas".
    Not sure if these lines were written under the influence of any
    liquor

    Ahananooru, puram, patthuppatu (porunar aatruppadai) all sing in
    praise of various exploits of karikaala.

    Then comes silappathikaaram. It very clearly says that (V 90- 104):
    King thirumaavalavan, eager for war AND FOUND NO MATCH IN TAMIL LAND
    UNDERTOOK AN EXPETITION AS FAR AS HIMALAYAS AND OBTAINED GIFTS FROM
    KINGS OF MAGADA, VAJRA AND AVANTHI COUNTRIES. Here we certainly have
    to trust the strict discipline meant for saints in those days and
    hopefully Ilangovadigal was not under any negative influence.

    Adiyaarkunallar's commentry on silappathikaram quotes a stray venba
    wherein karikala is said to have used a sendu (Given to him by
    sattan a guardian deity) to go round the himalayas

    Manimekalai: (1.39)"As on the day when karikala went forth..."
    mentioning his northern campaign

    All the chola copperplates celebrate karikala's general exploits

    Kalingathupparani (V1-4): Karikala is said to have subdued himalayas.

    Ottakkothar's vikrama chozhan ula as well as rajaraja chozhan ula
    celebrating himalayan victory

    The chinese traveller account of cholas (as quoted by K.A.Nilakanda
    sastri) also calls cholas as CHOULEAN.

    It is with this historic setting in background that Historian Ira
    Iragavaiyangar should have remarked about the pass.

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